Ku France, thanzi la anthu ndi lamwayi kwambiri. Malo ambiri azaumoyo ali pagulu, ndipo chithandizocho ndi chothandiza kwambiri. Bungwe la World Health Organisation limazindikira kuti njira yaumoyo yaku France ndiyothandiza kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe kazaumoyo komanso kasamalidwe kake.
Kodi umoyo wa France umagwira ntchito bwanji?
Zinthu zitatu zomwe zimasamalidwa zimapanga dongosolo la thanzi la France.
Zolinga zovomerezeka
Gawo loyamba la magulu a inshuwalansi oyenera. Zitatu ndizofunikira komanso zina, zenizeni, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chifukwa chake tikupeza chiwembu chomwe lero chimakhudza anthu anayi mwa asanu ku France (omwe achoka pantchito yaboma, ogwira ntchito, ogwira nawo ntchito). Chiwembucho chimakhudza 75% yamitengo yazaumoyo ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi CNAMTS (ndalama za inshuwaransi yadziko lonse kwa omwe amalandila ndalama).
Ulamuliro wachiwiri ndi boma la ulimi lomwe limapereka malipiro ndi alimi. MSA (Mutualité Sociale Agricole) imaigwira. Pomalizira pake, boma lachitatu likufunikila kuti lidzipange okha. Ikugwira ntchito ogwira ntchito, opaleshoni ya ufulu, amalonda ndi amisiri.
Mapulani ena apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku madera ena monga SNCF, EDF-GDF kapena Banque de France.
Ndondomeko zowonjezera
Ma mgwirizano a zaumoyowa amaperekedwa ndi a inshuwalansi. Phinduli limapereka malipiro omwe amaperekedwa ndi Health Insurance. Mwachiwonekere, thanzi lokwanira limapereka kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo zomwe sizikutetezedwa ndi Social Security.
Mabungwe othandizira inshuwaransi yazaumoyo amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa matumizidwe amachitidwe azaumoyo aku France. Onse ali ndi cholinga chofanana: kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zithandizira bwino. Mapangano onse ali ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Otsogolera
Mbali yachitatu ya chipatala cha ku France cholinga cha iwo omwe akufuna kuwonjezera kulimbikitsa kwawo. Kaŵirikaŵiri, amawunikira maudindo ena monga mankhwala ofewa kapena mano.
Inshuwalansi yowonjezera ndizowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimaphatikiza inshuwalansi yowonjezera kapena inshuwalansi yothandizira. Phindu la kubwezeretsedwa limaperekedwanso ndi makampani a inshuwalansi, maudindo kapena mabungwe odzipereka.
Thanzi labwino ku France
Umoyo wathanzi wakhala wofunika kwambiri ku France. Chitetezo cha anthu chimabadwira chifukwa cha nkhawa imeneyi kuti apereke nzika za ku France komanso anthu okhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino komanso chodziwika bwino.
Madokotala
Madokotala ochiza odwala ali ndi cholinga chotsatira odwala awo. Amawafunsira nthawi zonse. Dokotala yemwe akupezekapo akubwezeredwa bwino pamene akunenedwa ndipo ntchito yake ndikulangiza akatswiri ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya madotolo: omwe amalemekeza mitengo ya inshuwaransi yathanzi komanso omwe amadzipangira okha chindapusa.
Chitetezo cha anthu ndi khadi lofunikira
Kulowa mu chikhalidwe cha chitetezo cha anthu kumapereka kubwezera kwapadera ndalama za chisamaliro. Malipiro ake ndiwo ndalama zomwe zatsala zomwe wodwalayo amanyamulira, kapena wothandizira (kapena wothandizana nawo).
Mamembala onse a Ndalama ya Inshuwalansi ya Zaumoyo Ali ndi khadi lofunikira. Ndikofunika kubwezera ndalama zogula. Motero, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza.
CMU kapena Universal Health Cover
CMU imapangidwira anthu omwe akhala ku France kwa miyezi itatu. Ichi ndicho Chilengedwe Chachilengedwe. Zimathandiza kuti aliyense apindule ndi chithandizo cha chitetezo cha anthu komanso kuti azibwezeredwa chifukwa cha ndalama zawo. Anthu ena angapindule ndi supplementary supplementary, Universal Supplemental Health Coverage, muzochitika zina.
Udindo wa mgwirizano muzolowera zaumoyo
Ku France, mgwirizano ndi gulu lomwe limapereka ubwino wathanzi, mgwirizano, ubwino ndi kuthandizana kwa mamembala awo kudzera mu zopereka zawo. Kawirikawiri, mamembala omwe amamatira amatha kupanga matabwa omwe amapereka mitu.
Mchitidwe wathanzi kwa alendo
Pangano limagwira pakati pa mayiko 27 a European Union: nzika zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi inshuwaransi, koma sizingakhale inshuwaransi kawiri.
Wogwira ntchito kapena wobwezeretsedwa
Anthu ogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha anthu a dziko lomwe si mbali ya EEA (European Economic Area) ndi ndani kukhazikika ku France monga wogwira ntchito kapena munthu wodzigwira ayenera kuthandizira chitetezo cha chitetezo. Zotsatira zake, zimataya udindo wawo monga anthu akudziko lawo. Izi ndi zowonjezereka kwa iwo amene ali ndi chilolezo chokhala nthawi yaitali.
Chachiwiri, kuchepa kwa wogwira ntchito ku France sikungathe kupitirira zaka ziwiri. Zikatero, ndikofunika kukhala ndi visa yaitali. Wogwira ntchito nthawi zonse amapindula ndi ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha dziko lake. N'chimodzimodzi ndi antchito a boma.
Ophunzira
Ophunzira amafunika kukhala ndi visa yakanthawi yolowera ku France. Chivundikiro chapadera chimapangidwira ophunzira awa: chitetezo cha ophunzira. Ufulu wokhala wophunzira wakunja uyenera kukhala wapano ndipo ayenera kukhala wosakwana zaka 28.
Izi zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha anthu ndizokakamizidwa kwa ophunzira onse ochokera kunja kwa European Union. Kwa ena, kulembetsa chiwerengerochi sikuli kovomerezeka ngati ali ndi European Health Inshuwalansi Khadi pa nthawi yonse ya maphunziro awo ku France.
Ophunzira okalamba kuposa 28 ali ndi udindo wopita ku sukulu ya inshuwalansi ya thanzi.
Othawa pantchito
Anthu a ku Ulaya omwe akufuna kuti azikhala pakhomo ku France angathe kulandira ufulu wawo ku inshuwalansi ya umoyo. Kwa anthu osakhala a ku Ulaya, sikutheka kutumiza ufulu umenewu. Kulembetsa kwa inshuwalansi yapadera kukufunika.
Kutsiriza
Mchitidwe waumoyo wa ku France, ndi umoyo wa onse, ndiwo zinthu zomwe zikuyendera ku France. Ndikofunika kuphunzira za zofunikira zomwe mungachite pamene mukufuna kukakhala ku France kwa nthawi yochuluka kapena yochepa. Nthawi zonse pali njira yothetsera vuto lililonse.
