Maphunziro othandizira alimi ndizochita masewero olimba ndikusankha malingaliro apamwamba otsogolera kupanga zofuna ndi zochita. ndi kulemba chidule cha akatswiri sikofunika, makamaka kuyambira mzimu wa kaphatikizidwe siwowoneka bwino mwachilengedwe. Zochita za akatswiri zowonjezera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakutsata ndondomeko yokonzedweratu, kulenga mabokosi omwe angakonzekere malingaliro osiyana. Kaya ndi ndondomeko yotenga kapena lipoti, zizindikiro zingapo zimayimitsa kulemba chidule cha akatswiri bwino. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungalembe chidule cha akatswiriNazi malangizo ndi malangizo.

Zimene akatswiri akugwirizana nazo siziri

Zolemba zamakono sizinthu zophunzitsira ophunzira. Ngakhale atapempha nkhaniyo ndi ndondomeko yokhala ndi magawo awiri kapena atatu kuzungulira nkhani inayake, si funso pano lopindulitsa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kaphatikizidwe sikunasiyidwe pa luntha lanu.

Ndilo phunziro la fayilo kapena chikalata chokha, kotero palibe funso la kuchiza kapena kusagwirizana ndi izi kapena gawo la fayilo ili. Chotsatirachi chiyenera kuchiritsidwa mwathunthu ndipo chidziwitso sichiyenera kuyamikiridwa ndi wolemba. Zowonjezera sayenera kuwonjezedwa ku fayilo kuti ikonzedwe ndi kugonjera ndiletsedwa.

Chidule cha akatswiri ndi zochepa zolembera. Ngati zolemba ziwirizo zikufotokozera zomwe zimachitika, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchitoyi amadziwika bwino ndi zovuta. Kupyolera mu chikhalidwe chake, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuyika nkhaniyi mwachidule ponena za kaphatikizidwe.

Kodi chidule cha akatswiri ndi chiyani ndipo cholemba chiyani?

une katswiri wapadera ndi chidule chachidule ndi chokhazikika mwachindunji ndi champhamvu kwa cholinga china. Amachepetsa chilemba monga nkhani, lamulo, fomu, fayilo, buku.

Ndiyiyi ya zinthu zomwe zimapanga mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi wokonzeka kumene malingaliro akugwirizanitsidwa molingana ndi zifukwa zomveka bwino. Katswiri wodziwika bwino amadziwika bwino kwambiri, sakhala wolekerera ndi cholinga popanda chizindikiro cha kutchulidwa, kusankhana, kapena chiweruzo chaumwini pa malingaliro omwe akuwonekera. Ndiwowonjezereka ku malingaliro a olembawo popanda kuyesa kugawanika kapena kuwawonjezera.

Ndikofunika kuti lembani chidule cha akatswiri kuti amuthandizire kupanga chisankho ndi kuchita mogwira mtima. Chiwerengero cha zomwe zilipo ndi zazikulu ndipo madera ambiri okumbidwa samalola nthawi kapena luso kuti aziwenge. Choncho kufunika kolemba ndi kugawana ndemanga.

Cholinga cha akatswiri kaphatikizidwe

Musanayambe kulemba ndi kusonkhanitsa mauthenga, choyamba muyenera kufotokoza cholinga cha chidule. Kukhazikitsa cholinga pa kaphatikizidwe kumathandizira kufotokozera chomwe ndikutumikira. Mosiyana ndi mpikisano wamakono, lembani chidule cha akatswiri amachitika mokoma mtima pamene akuganizira kwambiri zosowa za bizinesi.

Choncho, tiyenera kudziwa yemwe akulemba luso. Mawu oyambirira ndi mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi omvera ake. Choncho, ngati chikalatacho chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa katswiri wamakompyuta, zidzakhala zachilendo kugwiritsa ntchito mawu omasulira, komabe, mawu oterewa adzapezedwa ngati chikalatacho chikaperekedwa kwa woweruza mlandu, kapena katswiri wa akaunti.

Pa nthawiyi, ndifunikanso kudziwa momwe angadziwire nkhani yake. Ngati iyi ndi neophyte, kaphatikizidwe kawiri kawiri iyenera kukhala ndi masomphenya padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zidzakhala zofunikira kuganizira pa zokondweretsa kwambiri ngati interlocutor ndi munthu wosakhala neophyte.

Kudziwa kuti cholinga cholembedweratu ndi chofunikira ndi chiani. Chochita ichi chimapangitsa kudziwa ngati kaphatikizidwe kamene kadzatengera maganizo pa nkhani, kupanga chisankho, kupeza njira yothetsera vuto, kukulitsa lipoti, kutsimikizira mfundo, ndi zina zotero. Kufotokozera nkhaniyi kumadalira cholinga chomwe chikutsatiridwa, monganso kufunafuna chidziwitso.

Fufuzani ndi kuika patsogolo chidziwitso

Kusonkhanitsa kwa zofunikira zolembera kumachitika mwa kuwerenga. Pokhudzana ndi kukonzekera malemba, kusonkhanitsa kwa chidziwitso kumadutsa kufufuza kwa malemba (maudindo, zilembo zenizeni, cholinga cha wolemba, etc.) ndi kusonkhanitsa mfundo zofunika. Cholinga cha kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso ndi kudziwa komwe nkhaniyo ilili komanso momwe imayendera.

Sichikuphatikiza kumvetsetsa kapena kusanthula zomwe zili. Panthawiyi, padzakhala kofunika kuthetsa zonse zomwe ziri zopanda phindu kuti zisunge zofunika zokha. Mwachindunji, kufufuza kwa chidziwitso kumadza mutatha kufotokoza cholinga chake ndi zosowa zake. Zimaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zomwe tiyenera kuyankha mafunso omwe, nthawi, chiyani, bwanji, kuchuluka bwanji, chifukwa (kufotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa), zomwe (kufotokoza zolinga). Maphwando amapindula pamene kafukufuku akusintha.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musagwiritse ntchito ziganizo zautali, koma kuti musankhe mosamala mawu ofunikira kuti athe kufotokozera mfundo. Pamapeto pa kufufuza kwadzidzidzi, nkofunika kulingalira za kuika patsogolo patsogolo pa gawo lirilonse, kusamala kwambiri mawu ofunika. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuika patsogolo chidziwitso ndizofunikira pakuthandizira kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyenera ndi yeniyeni.

Kumanga katswiri wamakono kupanga mapulani

Kupanga ndondomeko ya katswiri wapaderaTiyenera kufotokoza mbali zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimayenera kusamala kwambiri. Ndondomekoyi imamangidwa mwaufulu malinga ndi mfundo yeniyeni (mwachidziwikire cha nkhaniyi), kaphatikizidwe ka zotsatirazi-zotsatira kapena kaphatikizidwe kazokambirana.

Malingaliro onse osonkhanitsidwa ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko mwa kugwirizanitsa malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri pa autilaini. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi phunziro la kaphatikizidwe ndipo liyenera kulemekeza chiwerengero china. Ziwalozi ndi zigawozo ziyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo zikhale zofanana.

Kukonzekera kwa dongosololi sikuyenera kukhala kovuta, koma momveka bwino, zomveka komanso zomveka bwino. Gawo loyamba likhoza kusungidwa kuti liwonetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa ndi vuto lomwe likugwirizana nalo. Pachigawo chachiwiri, tikhoza kupereka zotsatira zokhudzana ndi vutoli, tithandizeni kupeza njira zothetsera vutoli.

Lembani chidule cha akatswiri Kawirikawiri amachitika m'magulu awiri kapena atatu, koma amalangiza kuti akhale ochepa m'magulu awiri. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kuwonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti zonsezi zidziwike mosavuta. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipangitse zigawozo (I ndi II) ndi magawo (A ndi B kapena 1 ndi 2). Gawo lililonse ndi gawo limodzi liyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mutu. Kuphatikiza pa zigawo ziwiri za chitukuko, akatswiri a pulojekiti akhoza kukhala ndi mawu oyamba komanso omaliza.

Chitukukochi chimakhala chosiyana malinga ndi phunziro, koma mawu oyamba ndi omaliza amakhala ndi gawo lomwelo nthawi zonse. Choncho, kufotokozera kudzadziwitse wolandirayo za cholinga cha kaphatikizidwe, zifukwa zomwe zimalimbikitsa, kufunikira ndi chidwi cha omaliza. Mawu oyamba ayenera kukhala omveka bwino, mwachidule komanso omaliza. Mizere ingapo imayenera kunena zomwe ziri mu mawu ofotokoza.

Nthawi zina, chifukwa lembani chidule cha akatswirimawu oyamba sikuti ndi oyenera ndipo akhoza kunyalanyazidwa pamene amayamba kukumbukira zinthu zooneka bwino. Koma ndi phindu lalikulu makamaka kutsimikizira kuti wolandirayo amakumvetsa. Kumakuthandizeninso kukumbukira nkhaniyo, ngati kaphatikizidwe kawerengedwe kawerengedwe kangapo.

Ponena za mapeto ake, sayenera kufotokozera mwachidule chikalatacho, ndizoyankha ku vuto lomwe linayambitsidwa mu kaphatikizidwe. Ilo limabwereza mobwerezabwereza malingaliro oti atchule zothetsera zotsitsimutsidwa ndi wolemba ndipo alibe udindo wobweretsa zinthu zatsopano zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha ndondomekoyi.

Kulemba za chidule cha katswiri

Kamodzi kamangidwe kameneka, tikuyenera kupita ku kulemba chidule cha akatswiri. Malamulo akuluakulu a zolembera zikalata amagwiranso ntchito polemba mwachidule. Zigamulo zikhale zochepa mu ndime zokonzedwa bwino komanso m'mawu omveka bwino. Ndondomeko ndi ma syntax a summary note ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zizindikiro za mawu olembedwa, zikhale zamadzimadzi, zodzikongoletsa komanso zokongola ngati zingatheke.

Ngati zinthu zina zimafuna kufotokozera, zingakhale bwino kubwereranso monga zowonjezereka kuti kuwerenga kwawotchedweko kukhale kosavuta. Ngati kaphatikizidwe ndi yaitali komanso kupitirira masamba oposa 3, musazengereze kuika mwachidule. Matebulo ndi ma grafu angakhale othandiza poyendetsa ndi kufotokoza malemba. Maina a maphwando ndi ogonjetsa ayenera kukhala akuyankhula. Tiyenera kupewa kutchula maudindo osauka kwambiri (mbiri, nkhani mwachitsanzo). Maudindo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zina ndi kupereka zambiri zokhudza zomwe zili mu ndimeyi.

Ponena za ndimeyi, n'kopanda phindu kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chofuna kumanga ziganizo zabwino, ndi bwino kulimbikitsa kufotokoza kwa mawu omwe ali ndi ziganizo zochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito dongosololi, zingakhale zothandiza kugawira tsamba muzitsulo pofotokoza ndondomeko yowonjezera, chidziwitso chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwerengero zazikulu, mafilimu, mafano kuti afotokoze ndemanga.

Malamulo ena a njira amalemekezedwe

Mukamalemba, ndibwino kuti mufotokozere komanso osatchula zonse zomwe sizothandiza. Kupanga chidule kumachotsa zinthu zosafunikira popereka chidziwitso chofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zichotse zizindikilo zakalankhulidwe, mawu apakamwa, kubwereza, kuzengereza, ndi zina zambiri.

Mawu ena omwe amatsutsana ndi mawu amawu alibe malo polemba, makamaka ngati alibe tanthauzo lenileni. Mawu onga "momwe munganene", "ndiye kuti" koyambirira kwa ndime atha kuchotsedwa osakhudza tanthauzo la sentensi. Kwa zitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza ndikusunga chokha chodabwitsa kwambiri.

Kubwereza kulingalira ndi mawu a okamba akulimbikitsidwanso. Ngati mawuwa ali chilankhulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wokamba nkhani, angakhale othandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa. Ndikofunika kukonzanso zolemba zanu pamene zolemba zikupita ndikuwerenganso.

Kumapeto kwa kulemba chidule cha akatswiriMuyenera kuwerenganso ndikusunga ndime yoyamba ya chikalata chanu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa mosamala ndi owerenga omwe ali mu kampani.