Le kugula mphamvu imayimira gulu la katundu ndi ntchito zina zamsika zomwe phindu lingakhale nalo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mphamvu yogula ndi kuthekera kwa ndalama zogulira pamitengo yosiyana. Dziko lokhala ndi a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogulira mwachibadwa zimathandiza chitukuko cha dziko. Zotsatira zake, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ndalama ndi mtengo wa ntchito za msika, mphamvu zogulira zimakhala zazikulu. Mu 2021, Germany, mwachitsanzo, idakhala dziko loyamba lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zogulira zabwino kwambiri.
M'nkhaniyi, tikukupatsani malingaliro a kuwerengera bwino mphamvu yogula.
Kodi mphamvu zogulira zimawerengedwa bwanji?
Kusintha kwa mphamvu yogula zimachitika ndi kusiyana pakati pa mlingo wa ndalama zapakhomo ndi mlingo wa mitengo. Zowonadi, pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama poyerekeza ndi mitengo yomwe ikupezeka pamsika, mphamvu zogulira zimawonjezeka. Apo ayi, mphamvu zogulira zimachepa pamene ndalama zapakhomo zimakhala zochepa kusiyana ndi mtengo wa ntchito zamsika.
Kuyeza thechigawo chogwiritsira ntchito, zizindikiro zina zimaganiziridwa:
- wamkulu woyamba amawerengedwa ndi 1 CU;
- munthu wowonjezera wazaka za 14 amawerengedwa ndi 0,5 CU;
- mwana wosapitirira zaka 14 amawerengedwa ndi 0,3 UC.
Ngati titenga mayunitsi awa, timawerengerachigawo chogwiritsira ntchito banja lopangidwa ndi akulu awiri (awiri), munthu wazaka 16 (wachinyamata) ndi munthu wazaka 10 (mwana), timapeza 2,3 CU (1 CU kwa kholo loyamba , 0,5 UC kwa munthu wachiwiri (wamkulu), 0,5 UC kwa wachinyamata ndi 0,3 UC kwa munthu amene sadutsa zaka 14).
Kodi mungayeze bwanji ndalama kuti mupeze mphamvu zogulira?
chifukwa kuyeza mphamvu zogulira m'mabanja, ndikofunikira kuganizira ndalama za aliyense. Zowonadi, mumaganizira ndalama zonse zomwe mumapeza, makamaka zomwe zimachulukitsidwa ndi zotsatsa komanso zochepetsedwa ndi misonkho yosiyanasiyana.
Komanso, a ndalama zamabizinesi zikuphatikizapo:
- ndalama zogwirira ntchito (malipiro a antchito, malipiro osiyanasiyana a ntchito zodziimira, ndalama zamalonda, ojambula ndi amalonda);
- ndalama zochokera kuzinthu zaumwini (rendi yolandiridwa, zopindula, chiwongoladzanja, ndi zina zotero).
Kusintha kwamitengo mu mphamvu yogula
Mndandanda wamitengo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu zogulira za mabanja pa mlingo wa dziko, zikuyimira ndondomeko ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba. Pali kusiyana pakati pa index iyi ndi index ya mtengo wa ogula (CPI). Zimatengera kusintha kwamitengo yonse yogwirizana ndi zosowa zapakhomo (CPI). Komabe, sizipereka kulemera kofanana nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zina, imagwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwakukulu kubwereka kuposa CPI (ngakhale yoposa kawiri). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mu nkhani za dziko, timapeza kuti eni eni eni nyumba akhoza kudya mtengo wa nyumba, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nyumba zobwereketsa.
Ndi njira ziti zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera mphamvu zogulira?
Alipo njira ziwiri kuyeza mphamvu zogulira za banja. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- kugawa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kapena malipiro ndi wochulukitsa mtengo;
- gawani ndalama zomwezo ndi index index ndikuchulukitsa chilichonse ndi 100.
Chifukwa chake, a mphamvu zogulira zapakhomo ndi malipiro a 1 mayuro ndi 320 mayuro, ndi kuti, ngati ife kugawa ndalama izi ndi 1245,28 (mtengo index mu 106) ndi lonse kuchulukitsa ndi 2015.
Ndi njira ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa powerengera mphamvu zogulira?
Le mawerengedwe a arbitrable kugula mphamvu amapangidwa ndi ndalama arbitrable. Zowonadi, ndalama zomwe mwapeza mutachotsa ndalama zina zomwe zidalipo kale, zomwe ndizofunikira panyumba iliyonse pakanthawi kochepa monga mtengo wa rendi kapena inshuwaransi.
Le ndalama zonse zotayidwa imayimira ndalama zapakhomo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga kapena kuyikapo potsatira ntchito zogawiranso, monga zopindulitsa ndi misonkho.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogulira zomwe zingatheke komanso ndalama zonse zomwe zingatayike zomwe zimakhala ndi zofanana.
