Kutetezedwa kwachinsinsi ku Europe: GDPR, chitsanzo chapadziko lonse lapansi
Europe nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati benchmark Chitetezo cha moyo wachinsinsi chifukwa cha General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), yomwe inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2018. GDPR ikufuna kuteteza deta yaumwini ya nzika za ku Ulaya ndikuyankha makampani omwe amasonkhanitsa ndi kukonza. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za GDPR ndi ufulu woiwalika, chilolezo chodziwitsidwa komanso kunyamula deta.
GDPR imakhudza kwambiri mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa imagwira ntchito kubizinesi iliyonse yomwe imayendetsa zidziwitso za nzika zaku Europe, kaya ku Europe kapena ayi. Mabizinesi omwe amalephera kutsatira zomwe GDPR ikupereka atha kukhala ndi chindapusa chambiri, mpaka 4% ya zomwe amapeza pachaka padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupambana kwa GDPR kwachititsa kuti mayiko ambiri aganizire malamulo ofanana kuti ateteze zinsinsi za nzika zawo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malamulo osungira zinsinsi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutengera mayiko, ndipo kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza momwe zinthu zilili padziko lonse lapansi.
United States ndi Fragmentation of Privacy Laws
Mosiyana ndi Europe, United States ilibe lamulo limodzi lachinsinsi la federal. M'malo mwake, malamulo achinsinsi amagawika, ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana a federal ndi boma. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuyang'ana pazovuta zamalamulo zaku US zamabizinesi ndi anthu pawokha.
Pamlingo wa federal, malamulo angapo okhudzana ndi mafakitale amayang'anira chitetezo chachinsinsi, monga HIPAA zachinsinsi zachipatala ndi FERPA lamulo za data ya ophunzira. Komabe, malamulowa samakhudza mbali zonse zachinsinsi ndipo amasiya magawo ambiri opanda malamulo aboma.
Apa ndipamene malamulo okhudza zachinsinsi amabwera. Mayiko ena, monga California, ali ndi malamulo okhwima achinsinsi. Lamulo lachinsinsi la ogula ku California (CCPA) ndi limodzi mwa malamulo okhwima kwambiri ku United States ndipo nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi European GDPR. CCPA imapatsa nzika zaku California ufulu wofanana ndi GDPR, monga ufulu wodziwa zomwe zikusonkhanitsidwa komanso ufulu wopempha kuti deta yawo ichotsedwe.
Komabe, zinthu ku United States zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa dziko lililonse litha kutengera malamulo ake achinsinsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani omwe akugwira ntchito ku United States ayenera kutsatira malamulo angapo omwe amasiyana malinga ndi mayiko.
Asia ndi Njira Yosiyana ndi Zazinsinsi
Ku Asia, malamulo osunga zinsinsi amasiyananso mosiyanasiyana kutengera mayiko, kuwonetsa zikhalidwe ndi ndale. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe zinsinsi zimayendera m'madera osiyanasiyana aku Asia.
Dziko la Japan lachitapo kanthu poteteza zinsinsi pokhazikitsa Lamulo Loteteza Zidziwitso Zaumwini (APPI) mu 2003. APPI inasinthidwa mu 2017 kuti ilimbikitse chitetezo cha deta ndikugwirizanitsa Japan ndi European GDPR. Lamulo la ku Japan limafuna kuti makampani alandire chilolezo kuchokera kwa anthu asanasonkhanitse ndi kukonza deta yawo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyankhira makampani omwe akugwira ntchitoyo.
Ku China, zachinsinsi zimafikiridwa mosiyana chifukwa cha ndale komanso gawo lofunikira lomwe kuwunika kwa boma kumachita. Ngakhale kuti dziko la China posachedwapa lapereka lamulo latsopano loteteza deta, lomwe mwanjira zina limafanana ndi GDPR, zikuwonekerabe momwe lamuloli lidzagwiritsire ntchito. China ilinso ndi malamulo okhwima okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha pa intaneti komanso malamulo otumizira ma data kudutsa malire, zomwe zingakhudze momwe makampani akunja amagwirira ntchito mdziko muno.
Ku India, chitetezo chachinsinsi ndi mutu womwe ukukulirakulira, ndi malingaliro a Personal Data Protection Act mu 2019. Mchitidwewu udauziridwa ndi GDPR ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo loteteza deta yamunthu ku India. Komabe, biluyo idapitilirabe, ndipo zikuyenera kuwoneka zomwe zingakhudze mabizinesi ndi anthu ku India.
Ponseponse, ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi ndi anthu amvetsetse kusiyana kwachitetezo chachinsinsi pakati pa mayiko ndikusintha moyenera. Potsatira malamulo ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, makampani angatsimikizire kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira zachinsinsi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi bizinesi.
