Kudzivirirwa kwekuvanzika muEurope: iyo GDPR, muenzaniso wepasirese
Europe inowanzoonekwa seye bhenji ye Kudzivirirwa kwehupenyu hwepachivande nekuda kweGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), iyo yakatanga kushanda muna 2018. GDPR inotarisira kuchengetedza data yega yevagari veEurope uye kuti vazvidavirire makambani anounganidza uye anogadzirisa. Pakati pezvipikirwa zvikuru zveGDPR ikodzero yekukanganikwa, mvumo ine ruzivo uye kutakura data.
Iyo GDPR ine simba rakakura kumabhizinesi pasirese, sezvo ichishanda kune chero bhizinesi rinogadzirisa data remunhu wevagari vekuEurope, ingave iri muEurope kana kwete. Mabhizinesi anotadza kutevedzera zvakatemwa zveGDPR anogona kubhadhariswa faindi dzakakura, kusvika 4% yemari yavo yegore negore.
Kubudirira kweGDPR kwaita kuti nyika zhinji dzitarise mutemo wakafanana kudzivirira kuvanzika kwevagari vadzo. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mitemo yekuvanzika inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe nyika nenyika, uye kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha pakufambisa iyo yepasirese yedata data landscape.
United States uye Kupatsanurwa kweMitemo Yakavanzika
Kusiyana neEurope, United States haina mutemo mumwechete wekuvanzika wemubatanidzwa. Pane kudaro, mitemo yekuvanzika yakakamurwa, neyakasiyana federal uye yenyika mitemo. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti ufambise iyo US yepamutemo landscape yakaoma kune mabhizinesi uye vanhu.
Padanho remubatanidzwa, mitemo yakati wandei yeindasitiri inotonga kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika, senge HIPAA kuitira kuvanzika kweruzivo rwezvekurapa uye FERPA mutemo kune data yevadzidzi. Nekudaro, iyi mitemo haivharise zvese zvekuvanzika uye inosiya akawanda zvikamu zvisina mutemo wemubatanidzwa.
Apa ndipo panouya mitemo yezvekuvanzika yenyika. Dzimwe nyika, seCalifornia, dzine mitemo yakasimba yekuvanzika. California mutengi zvakavanzika mutemo (CCPA) ndeimwe yemitemo yakasimba kwazvo muUnited States uye inowanzofananidzwa neEuropean GDPR. CCPA inopa vagari vekuCalifornia kodzero dzakafanana neGDPR, senge kodzero yekuziva kuti nderipi data riri kuunganidzwa uye kodzero yekukumbira kubviswa kwedata ravo.
Nekudaro, mamiriro ezvinhu muUnited States anoramba akaoma, sezvo nyika yega yega inogona kutora mutemo wayo wekuvanzika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti makambani anoshanda muUnited States anofanirwa kutevedzera patchwork yemirairo inosiyana kubva kune imwe nyika nenyika.
Asia uye Inosiyanisa Nzira Yekuvanzika
MuAsia, mirau yekuvanzika inosiyanawo zvakanyanya nyika nenyika, ichiratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzetsika nezvematongerwo enyika. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yekuti kuvanzika kunoitwa sei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAsia.
Japan yakatora nzira yekuzvidzivirira pakuvanzika nekushandisa iyo Personal Information Protection Law (APPI) mu 2003. APPI yakagadziridzwa muna 2017 kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemashoko uye kuwedzera kuenderana neJapan neEuropean GDPR. Mutemo weJapan unoda kuti makambani awane mvumo kubva kuvanhu vasati vatora nekugadzirisa dhata ravo uye nekugadza nzira dzekuzvidavirira kumakambani ari kubata data rakadaro.
MuChina, kuvanzika kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana nekuda kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye basa rakakosha iro rinoitwa nehurumende kuongorora. Kunyangwe China ichangobva kupasa mutemo mutsva wekuchengetedza data, uyo mune dzimwe nzira wakafanana neGDPR, zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti mutemo uyu uchashandiswa sei mukuita. China zvakare ine yakasimba cybersecurity uye kuyambuka-muganho wekufambisa data munzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emakambani ekunze munyika.
MuIndia, kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika inyaya inosimudzika, paine kurudziro yePersonal Data Protection Act muna 2019. Chiito ichi chakafemerwa neGDPR uye chine chinangwa chekumisa hurongwa hwekuchengetedza data remunhu muIndia. Nekudaro, bhiri iri harisati rapfuura, uye zvicharamba zvichionekwa kuti zvichave zvipi kune mabhizinesi uye vanhu muIndia.
Pakazere, zvakakosha kuti mabhizinesi uye vanhu vanzwisise mutsauko wekuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika pakati penyika uye kugadzirisa zvinoenderana. Nekufambirana nenguva nemitemo nemirau inoshanda, makambani anogona kuona kuti ari kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvanzika uye kuderedza njodzi kune vashandisi vavo nebhizinesi.
