EFransi, impilo yoluntu inelungelo elikhulu. Inani elilungileyo lamaziko ezempilo asesidlangalaleni, kwaye unyango lusebenza kakhulu. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uqaphela inkqubo yezempilo yaseFransi njengeyona nto isebenzayo ngokumalunga nombutho wokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokunikezelwa kwayo.
Inkqubo yezempilo yaseFransi isebenza njani?
Amanqanaba amathathu okunyamekela akwenza inkqubo yezempilo yaseFransi.
Izicwangciso ezinyanzelisayo
Amaqela okuqala amanani amaqumrhu e-inshorensi yempilo ebalulekileyo. Ezi zintathu zinqununu kunye nabanye, ngokuthe ngqo, ziqhotyoshelwe kuyo.
Sifumana ke esi sikimu ngokubanzi namhlanje sigubungela abantu abane kwabahlanu eFrance (abathathe umhlala-phantsi kwicandelo labucala, abasebenzi, iiarhente zekhontrakthi). Esi sikimu sigubungela ama-75% eendleko zempilo kwaye ilawulwa yi-CNAMTS (ingxowa-mali yeinshurensi yezempilo yelizwe yabasebenzi abahlawulwa).
Urhulumente wesibini ulawulo lwezolimo olubandakanya abafumana umvuzo kunye namafama. I-MSA (Mutualité Sociale Agricole) iyayilawula. Ekugqibeleni, ulawulo lwesithathu lujoliswe kubasebenzi abazisebenzayo. Ihlanganisa abo bathengisayo, imisebenzi ye-liberal, abahwebi kunye neengcweti.
Amanye amaqhinga akhethekileyo afaka kwiinkalo ezithile zobuchwepheshe ezifana neSNCF, EDF-GDF okanye iBanque de France.
Izicwangciso ezongezelelweyo
Ezi zivumelwano zonyango zibonelelwa ngabashurensi. Iingeniso ke zizalisekisa ukubuyiswa kweemali ezikhutshwe yiNtshurensi yezeMpilo. Ngokucacileyo, impilo ehambelanayo ivelisa ukubuyisela iindleko zezempilo ezingabandakanywa nguKhuseleko loLuntu.
Imibutho ehambelana neinshurensi yezempilo ihlala ifumaneka ngohlobo lwezinto ezihambelana nazo kwinkqubo yezempilo yaseFrance. Zonke zinenjongo enye: ukuqinisekisa ukugubungela okungcono iindleko zempilo. Zonke iikhontrakthi zineenkcukacha zazo.
Abalawuli
Inqanaba lesithathu lempilo yeFransi lenzelwe abo banqwenela ukuqinisa ngakumbi inkxaso yabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bajolise kwizithuba ezithile ezifana neyeza elincinci okanye amazinyo.
Iinkxaso-mboleko ezongezelelweyo ziqinisekisiwe ezongezelelweyo ezongezelela i-inshorensi eyongezelelweyo okanye i-inshuwalense yomntu. Iingeniso zokubuyisela zibonelelwa ngeenkampani zomshuwalense, ii-mutual or institutional institutions.
Impilo yoluntu eFransi
Impilo yoluntu sele ibe ngumcimbi obalulekileyo eFransi. Ukhuseleko lwentlalo luzalwe kule nkxalabo ukubonelela abemi baseFransi nabemi ngokunyamekela kwempilo kunye nokufikeleleka kwezempilo.
Oogqirha
Amagqirha ekunyanga ayenomsebenzi wokulandela ikhosi yezigulane zabo. Badibana nabo rhoqo. Ugqirha oya kwixesha elihle uhlawulelwa xa uthe wachazwa kwaye inxaxheba yakhe kukucebisa iingcali xa kuyimfuneko.
Zimbini iintlobo zoogqirha: abo bawahloniphayo amaxabiso einshurensi yezempilo kunye nabo bazibekela imali yabo.
Ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nekhadi elibalulekileyo
Ukujoyina inkqubo yezokukhuseleko loluntu kuvumela ukubuyisela inxalenye yeendleko zonyango. Intlawulo yentsebenziswano yintlawulo eseleyo ngenxa yezinto ezithwala isigulane, okanye isongezelelo (okanye kunye).
Wonke amalungu eNgxowa-mali ye-Intshurensi yempilo e-Primary inekhadi elibalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukubuyisela iindleko zezempilo. Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi abasebenzi bayayamkela.
I-CMU okanye i-Universal Health Cover
I-CMU yenzelwe abo bahlala eFransi ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu. Lo nguMgangatho wezeMpilo weSizwe. Ivumela wonke umntu ukuba azuze kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko loluntu kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka abuyiselwe iindleko zonyango. Abanye abantu banokuzuza kwincediso eyongezelelweyo, uMgangatho woMgangatho woMgangatho woMgangatho wezeMpilo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Indima yentsebenziswano kwinkqubo yezempilo
EFransi, intsebenziswano liqela elibonelela ngeenzuzo zezempilo, ubumbano, inhlalakahle kunye nokuncedisana kwamalungu ayo ngokusebenzisa iminikelo yabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amalungu adibeneyo aqoke amabhodi anokulawula iintloko.
Inkqubo yempilo yabangaphandle
Isivumelwano siyasebenza phakathi kwamazwe angama-27 eManyano yaseYurophu: abemi kufuneka babe ne-inshurensi, kodwa abakwazi ukuba ne-inshurensi kabini.
Umqeshwa othunyelwe okanye osikelelweyo
Abantu ababandakanyekayo kwisikimu sokhuseleko loluntu lwelizwe elingenayo inxalenye ye-EEA (iNdawo Yomnotho YaseYurophu) kwaye ngubani kuhlala eFransi njengomqeshwa okanye umntu oqeshwe ngabasebenzi kufuneka abe negalelo ekukhuseleni loluntu. Ngenxa yoko, balahlekelwa lizinga labo njengabalingani kwilizwe labo elivela kuyo. Oku kusebenza nakwabo kulabo abanomvume wokuhlala ixesha elide.
Okwesibini, ukuxhaswa komqeshwa eFransi akunakudlula ixesha leminyaka emibini. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ne-visa yokuhlala ixesha elide. Umsebenzi osithunyelweyo uhlala ezuza kwi-scheme yezokukhuseleko loluntu ezweni lakubo. Kwakunjalo nabasebenzi bakarhulumente.
Bafundi
Abafundi ngokubanzi kufuneka babe ne-visa yethutyana yokungena eFrance. Isiciko esithile emva koko senzelwe aba bafundi: ukhuseleko lwentlalo yomfundi. Ilungelo lokuhlala lomfundi welinye ilizwe kufuneka lihlaziyiwe kwaye kufuneka abengaphantsi kweminyaka engama-28.
Olu khuseleko loluntu luyinyanzeliso kubo bonke abafundi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kweYurophu. Kwabanye, ukubhaliswa kwesi sikimu akuvumelekanga ukuba babambe iKhadi le-Intshuwalense yezeMpilo yaseYurophu elibandakanya ixesha lokufunda kwabo eFransi.
Abafundi abakhulileyo kune-28 ke banyanzelekile ukuba bajoyine i-inshurensi yempilo yonyango.
Abathatha umhlalaphantsi
Abantu baseYurophu abanomhlala-phantsi abanqwenela ukuhlala eFransi banokudlulisela amalungelo abo kwinshuwalense yezempilo. Kubahlali abangewona aseYurophu, akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa lamalungelo. Ubhaliso kwi-inshurensi yabucala kuya kufuneka.
Ukugqiba
Inkqubo yezempilo yaseFransi, kunye nempilo yoluntu ngokubanzi, zizinto ezibhekiswe phambili eFransi. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo athathe xa ufuna ukuhlala eFransi ixesha elide okanye elingaphantsi. Kukho soloko isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwisimo ngasinye.
