Le amandla okuthenga imele iqoqo lezimpahla nezinye izinsiza zemakethe umkhaya okwazi ukuzenza. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla okuthenga yikhono lemali engenayo lokuthenga okuhlukile. Izwe elinamandla okuthenga aphezulu linomthelela ngokwemvelo ekuthuthukisweni kwalo. Ngenxa yalokho, uma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nentengo yezinsizakalo zemakethe, amandla okuthenga aba mkhulu.
Kulesi sihloko, sikunikeza imibono ukuze uqonde kangconoamandla okuthenga anda.
Indlela yokulinganisa ukwanda kwamandla okuthenga?
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva amandla okuthenga aye anda ngokuqhathaniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi labantu baseFrance licabanga ukuthi kukhona ukuqina, noma ukuncipha kwamandla abo okuthenga. Kufanele wazi ukuthi phakathi kuka-1960 no-2021, i- amandla okuthenga amaFulentshi iphindwe ngokwesilinganiso ngo-5,3.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezinkolelo zemizi nezibalo ezihlobene namandla okuthenga asungulwa osomnotho bezwe ngalinye, umehluko ungabonakala kalula. Ngempela, lapho isazi sezibalo senza ukwanda kwamandla okuthenga, umndeni uzoqaphela ukuthi ekupheleni kwenyanga, awusakwazi ukuthola izimpahla zemakethe noma izinsizakalo obungawathenga ngokuqhathanisa nezinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuwukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwamandla okuthenga ngokwawo, okuthakazelisa osomnotho, imindeni kanye nosopolitiki.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi i-INSEE (iNational Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) ayinikezi noma yimiphi imininingwane mayelanaushintsho emandleni okuthenga yomuzi ngamunye. Ngoba linganisela ukuvela kwamandla okuthenga ngayinye, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziguquli noma izifanisi ezitholakala kumawebhusayithi.
Yimiphi imibono okufanele icatshangelwe ukuze kulinganiswe ukwanda kwamandla okuthenga?
Ukuvela kwamandla okuthenga kuxhumene naleyo yemali engenayo (iholo lomsebenzi, imali yakhe enkulu, izinzuzo zomndeni nezenhlalakahle, njll.) kanye nezintengo zezinsizakalo zemakethe.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-imali eyengeziwe liphezulu uma liqhathaniswa nalamanani entengo, amandla okuthenga azokwenyuka ngokwendalo. Uma kungenjalo, amandla okuthenga azoncishiswa uma izintengo zezinsizakalo zemakethe ziphezulu maqondana nemali engenayo.
Ngakho-ke, akuyonaukwenyuka kwentengo okusho ngempela ukwehla kwamandla okuthenga, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhula kwemali engenayo kungaphezulu kokukhula kwentengo.
Imibono eminingana yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulinganisa ukuvela kwamandla okuthenga
- ukwehla kwamandla emali,
- inkomba yentengo yomthengi,
- izindleko ezenziwe ngaphambilini.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali ukulahlekelwa amandla okuthengat imali okubonakala ngokwenyuka kwamanani embulungeni yonke nokuhlala njalo.
inkomba yentengo yomthengi, noma i-CPI, iyona ekusiza ukuthi ulinganisele ukuhluka kwentengo yokuthenga okuhlukile, nezinye izinsiza ezisetshenziswa imindeni. Yile nkomba ekala ukwehla kwamandla emali futhi ivumela ukubalwa kokunyuka kwamandla okuthenga. Inquma ngisho nokuvela kwamanani entengo yerenti kanye nesondlo.
Izindleko ezizibophezele ngaphambilini athuthukiswa yimizi futhi lezi yizindleko ezidingekayo okunzima ukuphinde kuxoxwe ngazo ngokwengxenye enkulu. Zihlanganisa irenti, izikweletu zikagesi, amanani omshwalense, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, njll.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi imali engenayo ayiyona yodwa inkomba yokulinganisa amandla okuthenga asekhaya kanye nokuvela kwawo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinhlinzeko zomphakathi kanye nezintela ezihlukahlukene ezikhokhwayo. Ngakho-ke siyaqaphela ukuthi ukukalwa kokukhuphuka kwamandla okuthenga ekhaya kuvela ukuthi kube yinkimbinkimbi.
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuze kwandiswe amandla okuthenga?
Ukulandela izimangalo zamavesti aphuzi eFrance, amaphuzu amaningana ayacatshangelwa ukuze kunyuke amandla okuthenga:
- ukuqeda izintela ezehlukene ezixhumene nezindlu;
- ukwandisa ubuncane bokuguga;
- ukuphoqelela ikhredithi yentela yemisebenzi yomuntu siqu;
- hlinzeka ngosizo lwenguquko yezemvelo njengevawusha yamandla, izitifiketi zokonga amandla, ibhonasi yenguquko yemvelo, ibhonasi yokuguqulwa, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho wethula izinyathelo ezintathu okufanele zicatshangelwe ukwandisa amandla okuthenga :
- ibhonasi yamandla okuthenga akhethekile anikezwe izinkampani ezingathinteki ngeminikelo yokuvikela umphakathi;
- ukukhululwa ekunikeleni eholweni kwenziwa ngesikhathi esengeziwe;
- izinga lomnikelo ojwayelekile womphakathi (CSG) kumaholo ashintshwayo ngu-6,6% kwabanye asebethathe umhlalaphansi.
