EFrance, impilo yomphakathi inelungelo elikhulu. Izikhungo zezempilo eziningi zisesidlangalaleni, futhi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu. I-World Health Organization ibona uhlelo lwezempilo lwaseFrance njengolusebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nenhlangano yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokukhishwa kwayo.
Uhlelo lwezempilo lwaseFrance lusebenza kanjani?
Amazinga amathathu wokunakekelwa akha uhlelo lwezempilo lwesiFulentshi.
Izinhlelo ezigunyaziwe
Amaqembu okuqala ezingeni eliyisimiso somshuwalense wezempilo eyisisekelo. Izintathu ziyinhloko kanti ezinye, ezicacisiwe, ziyathinteka kuyo.
Ngakho-ke sithola uhlelo olujwayelekile namuhla oluhlanganisa abantu abane kwabahlanu eFrance (abathathe umhlalaphansi abavela emikhakheni ezimele, abasebenzi, abasebenzela izinkontileka). Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izindleko ezingama-75% zezempilo futhi luphethwe yi-CNAMTS (isikhwama somshuwalense wezempilo kazwelonke sabasebenzi abahola imali).
Umbuso wesibili wuhulumeni wezolimo ohlanganisa abahola imali kanye nabalimi. I-MSA (Mutualité Sociale Agricole) iyayiphatha. Okokugcina, umbuso wesithathu uhloselwe labo abazisebenzayo. Ihlanganisa abahwebi, izisebenzi ezivulekile, abathengisi nabadwebi.
Amanye amacebo akhethekile asebenza ezinkambeni ezithile zomsebenzi ezifana neSNCF, EDF-GDF noma iBanque de France.
Amalungiselelo engeziwe
Lezi zinkontileka zezempilo zinikezwa ngabashuwalense. Ngakho-ke izinzuzo zihambisana nezinkokhelo ezikhishwe uMshwalense Wezempilo. Ngokusobala, impilo ehambisanayo idala ukubuyisela izindleko zezempilo ezingagcinwa yizokuphepha komphakathi.
Izinhlangano ezihambisanayo zomshuwalense wezempilo zivame ukutholakala ngendlela yokuvumelana ohlelweni lwezempilo lwaseFrance. Zonke zinenhloso efanayo: ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okungcono kwezindleko zezempilo. Zonke izinkontileka zinemininingwane yazo.
Ama-Overcomplementaries
Izinga lesithathu ohlelweni lwezempilo lwesiFulentshi lusekelwe kulabo abafisa ukuqinisa ubuchwepheshe babo. Ngokuvamile, zikhomba izindawo ezithile ezifana nemithi elula noma amazinyo.
Izinkampani ezengeziwe zokukhokhela izimpahla eziyisiqinisekiso ziseziqiniseko ezengeziwe zokufakazela umshuwalense ohambisanayo noma umshuwalense owodwa. Izinzuzo zokubuyisela zinikezwa izinkampani zomshuwalense, izinhlangano zomphakathi noma izikhungo zesikhungo.
Impilo yomphakathi eFrance
Impilo yomphakathi sekuyisikhathi eside ibaluleke kakhulu eFrance. Ukuvikeleka komphakathi kuzalwa kulokhu okukhathazayo ukuhlinzeka izakhamizi zaseFrance nezakhamuzi ngekhwalithi nokutholakala kwezempilo.
Odokotela
Odokotela abanakekelayo banomsebenzi wokulandela inkambo yeziguli zabo. Baxhumana nabo njalo. Udokotela oya khona uyabuyiselwa kangcono uma echazwe futhi indima yakhe iwukululeka ochwepheshe uma kunesidingo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zodokotela: labo abahlonipha amazinga omshwalense wezempilo nalabo abazibekela imali yabo.
Ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nekhadi elibalulekile
Ukujoyina uhlelo lokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle kuvumela ukubuyiselwa okuyingxenye yezindleko zokunakekelwa. Inkokhelo yokubambisana isamba esisele esilandelayo esithwalwa yisiguli, noma okuhambisanayo (noma kokubili).
Wonke amalungu eSikhwama Somshuwalense Wezempilo Esiyisisekelo anekhadi elibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukubuyisela izindleko zempilo. Ngakho, iningi labadoti bayayamukela.
I-CMU noma i-Universal Health Cover
I-CMU ihloselwe labo abahlala eFrance isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Lona yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yonke. Ivumela wonke umuntu ukuba azuze ezinsizeni zokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle futhi ngaleyo ndlela abuyiselwe izindleko zabo zezokwelapha. Abanye abantu bangaphinde bazuze ekufakelweni okuhambisanayo, i-Universal Supplemental Health Coverage, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Indima yokubambisana ohlelweni lwezempilo
EFrance, ukuhlanganyela kuyisiqhema esinikeza izinzuzo zezempilo, ubumbano, inhlalakahle kanye nokusizana komphakathi kumalungu ayo ngokusebenzisa iminikelo yabo. Ezimweni eziningi, amalunga abambelelayo aqoka amabhodi abese ephethe izihloko.
Uhlelo lwezempilo lwabangaphandle
Isivumelwano sisebenza phakathi kwamazwe angama-27 e-European Union: abantu bamazwe kumele bavikelwe, kepha abakwazi ukuvikeleka kabili.
Isisebenzi esithunyelwe noma esiqinisekisiwe
Abantu abathintekayo ohlelweni lokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle lwezwe elingeyona ingxenye ye-EEA (European Economic Area) nokuthi ngubani ahlale eFrance njengomsebenzi noma umuntu oziqashile kufanele abe negalelo ekuvikelekeni komphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, balahlekelwa isimo sabo njengabalingani ezweni lakubo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kulabo abanomvume wokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Okwesibili, ukwesekwa kwesisebenzi eFrance angeke kudlule isikhathi seminyaka emibili. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uthole i-visa ende yokuhlala. Isisebenzi esithunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sizuzisa ohlelweni lokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle ezweni lakubo. Kunjalo nangezinceku zomphakathi.
Abafundi
Abafundi ngokuvamile badinga ukuba ne-visa yesikhashana yokungena eFrance. Isembozo esithile senzelwe laba bafundi: ukuphepha kwezenhlalo zabafundi. Ilungelo lokuhlala komfundi waphesheya kumele lisesikhathini futhi kufanele futhi abe ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-28.
Lokhu kuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle kudingeke ukuba bonke abafundi abavela emazweni angaphandle kwe-European Union. Kwabanye, ukubhaliswa kulolu hlelo akusibopho uma bephethe iKhodi Yomshuwalense Wezempilo YaseYurophu ehlanganisa isikhathi sezifundo zabo eFrance.
Ngakho-ke abafundi asebekhulile kune-28 banesibopho sokujoyina isikhwama somshuwalense wezempilo.
Abaqashile
Abaphenyi baseYurophu abafisa ukuhlala eFrance bangadlulisela amalungelo abo kumshuwalense wezempilo. Kuzakhamuzi ezingewona izakhamuzi zaseYurophu, akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela lawa malungelo. Ukubhaliselwa kumshuwalense wangasese kuyodingeka.
Ukuphetha
Uhlelo lwezempilo lwesiFulentshi, kanye nempilo yomphakathi ngokujwayelekile, yizici ezithuthukiswa eFrance. Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ngezinyathelo ezidingekayo ozithatha uma ufuna ukuhlala eFrance isikhathi esingaphansi noma esingaphansi. Kukhona njalo isisombululo esifanelwe isimo ngasinye.
