MuFrance, hutano hweveruzhinji hwakakomborerwa zvikuru. Nhamba yakanaka yezvivako zvehutano zviri pachena, uye kurapwa kunoshanda zvikuru. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rinoona hurongwa hwehutano hweFrance sehunonyanya kushanda maererano nesangano rehutano hwehutano uye kugoverwa kwayo.
Sangano rehutano reFrance rinoshanda sei?
Matanho matatu ekutarisira anoita hutano hweFrance.
Zvinotarisirwa zvirongwa
Mazana ekutanga mapoka mapoka emishonga emishonga ehutano hwehutano. Vatatu vakuru uye vamwe, zvakanyanya, vanobatanidzwa.
Naizvozvo tinowana chirongwa chakazara icho nhasi chinofukidza vanhu vana kubva pavashanu muFrance (vatorwa pamabasa akazvimirira, vashandi, vezvibvumirano). Ichi chirongwa chinofukidza 75% yemari yehutano uye inotarisirwa neCNAMTS (yenyika yeinishuwarenzi yehutano homwe yevashandi vanobhadharwa).
Hurumende yechipiri ihurumende yezvekurima inobatanidza mubhadharo uye varimi. MSA (Mutualité Sociale Agricole) inoitora. Pakupedzisira, hurumende yechitatu inofanirwa kune vanozvishandira. Inobatanidza vashandi, mabasa ehurukuro, vatengesi nemhizha.
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehutano dzakadai seSNCF, EDF-GDF kana Banque de France.
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekuwedzera
Izvi zvibvumirano zvehutano zvinopiwa nevanishuwarenzi. Naizvozvo zvikomborero zvinowedzera kubhadharwa kunobudiswa neUnited Health Insurance. Zviri pachena kuti hutano hwakakwana hunobhadhara zvekubhadhara kwehutano hwehutano husingafukidzwi neSocial Security.
Anowirirana einishuwarenzi ehutano masangano anowanzo kuwanikwa muchimiro chemutual muFrance hutano system Ivo vese vane chinangwa chimwe chete: kuverengera zvirinani kufukidzwa kwehutano mutengo. Zvese zvibvumirano zvine zvakasarudzika.
Overcomplementaries
Nhamba yechitatu yehutano hweFrench inotarisirwa kune avo vanoda kuwedzera kusimbisa kuparidzirwa kwavo. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanotarisa nzvimbo dzakadai sedhii rakanaka kana mazinyo.
Zvinyorwa zvinowedzera zvekubhadhara zvinowedzera zvinotsigira kuti kuwedzera inshuwarisi yveshuwarenzi kana mutual inshuwarisi. Kubatsirwa kwekubhadharwa kunowanikwa ipapo nemakambani einishuwarenzi, mutungamiri kana hurumende.
Utano hwehutano muFrance
Utano hwehutano hwakave huri nyaya inokosha muFrance. Rusununguko rwemagariro evanhu hunoberekerwa kubva kune izvi kunetseka kupa vagari vomuFrance uye vagari vane hutano hwakanaka uye hunobudirira.
Vanachiremba
Kurapa vanachiremba vane basa rekutevera nzira yevarwere vavo. Vanovabvunza nguva dzose. Chiremba anoenda kunobhadharwa apo paakaziviswa uye basa rake rekupa mazano kune vanyori kana zvichidiwa.
Kune marudzi maviri echiremba: avo vanoremekedza hutano inishuwarenzi uye avo vanozvimisikidza mari yavo pachavo.
Kuchengeteka kwevanhu uye kadhi rinokosha
Kubatana nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu hunoita kuti kubhadharwa kwekodzero kwemari yekutarisira. Mari yekubhadhara ndiyo mari yakasara inokonzerwa nemurwere, kana iyo inobatanidza (kana mutendi) iyo.
Vose nhengo dzeUnited Health Insurance Fund vane kadhi rinokosha. Izvo zvakakosha kubhadharwa kwehutano mari. Nokudaro, vashandi vakawanda vanozvigamuchira.
CMU kana Universal Health Cover
CMU inotarisirwa kune avo vakagara muFrance kwemwedzi inopfuura mitatu. Iyi ndiyo Universal Health Coverage. Inobvumira munhu wose kubatsirwa nehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye naizvozvo kubhadharwa nekuda kwemari yezvokurapa. Vamwe vanhu vanogonawo kubatsirwa nekodzero yekuwedzera, Universal Supplemental Health Coverage, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Basa rekubatana mune zvehutano
In France, kuti yakawiriranwa ari boka rinopa zvinobatsira utano, kubatana, zvakanaka uye dzekuno rubatsiro kuburikidza mipiro yavo nhengo dzayo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nhengo dzinodzidzisa dzinomirira mapurisa anobva atungamirira mutungamiri.
Utano hwehutano hwevatorwa
Chibvumirano chinoshanda pakati penyika makumi maviri neshanu dzeEuropean Union: vanhu venyika vanofanirwa kuve neinishuwarenzi, asi havagone kuverengerwa kaviri.
Mushandi wekutsvaga kana kuti wechipiri
Vanhu vanobatana nehutano hwekuchengetedza hurumende yenyika isiri chikamu cheEEA (European Economic Area) uye ndiani kugara muFrance sevashandi kana munhu anozvishanda anofanira kubatsirana mune zvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Somugumisiro, vanorasikirwa nehuwandu hwavo sehukama munyika yavo yakabva. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune avo vanobata mvumo yekugara kwenguva refu.
Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwevashandi muFrance hakugone kudarika nguva yemakore maviri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakakosha kuva nevisa refu yekugara. Mushandi anoiswa nguva dzose anobatsirwa nehutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu vomunyika yake. Ndizvo zvazviri kune vashandi vehurumende.
Vadzidzi
Vadzidzi kazhinji vanofanirwa kuve neiyo vhiza yenguva pfupi kuti vapinde muFrance. Chivharo chakatarwa chinobva chaitirwa vadzidzi ava: kuchengetedzeka munharaunda kwevadzidzi. Kodzero yekugara yemudzidzi wekune imwe nyika inofanirwa kunge iri padanho uye anofanirwawo kunge ari pasi pezera re28.
Izvi zvakachengeteka zvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu zvinobva zvamanikidzwa kune vadzidzi vose vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kunze kweEuropean Union. Kune vamwe, kunyoresa muchirongwa ichi hachisi mvumo kana vakabata European Health Insurance Card vachifukidza nguva yezvidzidzo zvavo muFrance.
Vadzidzi vakakura kudarika 28 saka vanomanikidzwa kubatana nehutano hwehutano inshuwarheni mari.
Vatorwa
Vanhu veEuropean vanoda mari yekugara muFrance vanogona kutora kodzero dzavo kune inshuwarano yehutano. Kune vasiri vemuEurope, hazvibviri kutumira kodzero idzi. Kubhadhara kune inshuwarisi yega yega inofanira kudiwa.
Kugumisa
Hurumende yeFrench yehurumende, uye hutano hwepaguru huripo, zvikamu zvinotungamirirwa muFrance. Zvakakosha kudzidza nezvematanho anodiwa kutora kana uchida kuti vagare muFrance kwenguva yakareba kana isiri nguva refu. Pane nguva dzose mhinduro inogadziriswa kumamiriro ose ega.
