Ukhuseleko lwabucala eYurophu: i-GDPR, imodeli yehlabathi lonke
IYurophu ihlala ibonwa njengebenchmark ye Ukukhuselwa kobomi babucala enkosi kuMmiselo woKhuseleko lweDatha Jikelele (GDPR), eyaqala ukusebenza kwi-2018. I-GDPR ijolise ekukhuseleni idatha yomuntu siqu yabemi baseYurophu kunye nokubamba uxanduva lweenkampani eziqokelela kunye nokusebenza. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo aphambili e-GDPR lilungelo lokulibaleka, imvume enolwazi kunye nokuthwala idatha.
I-GDPR inempembelelo enkulu kumashishini emhlabeni jikelele, njengoko isebenza kuyo nayiphi na ishishini eqhuba idatha yomuntu siqu yabemi baseYurophu, nokuba isekelwe eYurophu okanye ayikho. Amashishini angaphumeleli ukuthobela imimiselo ye-GDPR anokuba phantsi kweentlawulo ezinkulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4% yengeniso yabo yonyaka.
Impumelelo ye-GDPR ibangele amazwe amaninzi ukuba aqwalasele umthetho ofanayo ukukhusela ubumfihlo babemi bawo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imimiselo yabucala iyahluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye, kwaye ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile ekujongeni indawo yedatha yomntu yehlabathi.
I-United States kunye noLwahlulo lweMithetho yaBucala
Ngokungafaniyo neYurophu, iUnited States ayinawo umthetho wabucala omnye womanyano. Endaweni yoko, imithetho yabucala yahlulahlulwe, kunye nemimiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-federal kunye nelizwe. Oku kunokwenza ukuba ujonge imeko yezomthetho yase-US kumashishini kunye nabantu.
Kwinqanaba lomdibaniso, imithetho emininzi yeshishini elithile ilawula ukhuseleko lwabucala, njenge HIPAA kukugcinwa kwemfihlo kolwazi lwezonyango kunye ne FERPA umthetho kwidatha yomfundi. Nangona kunjalo, le mithetho ayiquki yonke imiba yobumfihlo kwaye ishiya amacandelo amaninzi ngaphandle kommiselo we-federal.
Apha kulapho imithetho yabucala yelizwe ingena khona. Amanye amazwe, njengeCalifornia, anemigaqo engqongqo yabucala. Umthetho wabucala waseCalifornia (CCPA) ngomnye wemithetho engqongqo e-United States kwaye ihlala ithelekiswa ne-GDPR yaseYurophu. I-CCPA inika abahlali baseCalifornia amalungelo afana ne-GDPR, njengelungelo lokwazi ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqokelelwayo kunye nelungelo lokucela ukucinywa kwedatha yabo.
Nangona kunjalo, imeko e-United States ihlala intsonkothile, njengoko ilizwe ngalinye linokusebenzisa umthetho walo wabucala. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezisebenza e-United States kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yokwahluka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.
I-Asiya kunye neNdlela echasayo kuBucala
E-Asiya, imimiselo yabucala nayo yohluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye, ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko nezopolitiko. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yendlela ubumfihlo ofikelelwa ngayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseAsia.
I-Japan ithathe indlela ekhawulezileyo yokhuseleko lwabucala ngokuphumeza uMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu (APPI) kwi-2003. I-APPI yahlaziywa kwi-2017 ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa kwedatha kunye nokulungelelanisa ngakumbi iJapan kunye ne-GDPR yaseYurophu. Umthetho waseJapan ufuna ukuba iinkampani zifumane imvume kubantu phambi kokuba ziqokelele kwaye ziqhubekisele phambili idatha yazo yobuqu kwaye iseke iindlela zokuphendula kwiinkampani eziphethe loo datha.
E-China, ubumfihlo busondela ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko kunye nendima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngurhulumente esweni. Nangona i-China isanda kudlulisa umthetho omtsha wokukhusela idatha yomntu, ngezinye iindlela ezifana ne-GDPR, kuya kuhlala kubonakala ukuba lo mthetho uza kusetyenziswa njani ekusebenzeni. I-China ikwanokhuseleko olungqongqo lwe-cybersecurity kunye nemithetho yokudluliselwa kwedatha enqumla umda endaweni, enokuba nefuthe kwindlela iinkampani zangaphandle ezisebenza ngayo kweli lizwe.
E-Indiya, ukhuseleko lwangasese luyisihloko esikhulayo, kunye nesiphakamiso soMthetho omtsha woKhuseleko lweNkcukacha kwi-2019. Lo mthetho uphefumlelwe yi-GDPR kwaye ijolise ekusekeni isakhelo sokukhusela idatha yomntu eIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho oyilwayo awukadluli, kwaye kusaza kubonakala ukuba iziphumo ziya kuba yintoni na kumashishini nakubantu baseIndiya.
Lilonke, kubalulekile kumashishini nakubantu ukuba bawuqonde umahluko kukhuseleko lwabucala phakathi kwamazwe kwaye baziqhelanise ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuhlala usexesheni ngemithetho nemimiselo esebenzayo, iinkampani zinokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabucala kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko kubasebenzisi bazo kunye neshishini.
