I-Evolution of Databases in the Age of NoSQL

Imininingo egciniwe kudala ibuswa amasistimu obudlelwano. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhuma kwedatha enkulu kanye nesidingo sokuguquguquka okwengeziwe, inkathi entsha iye yavela: leyo ye-NoSQL. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-“Master NoSQL database” ku-OpenClassrooms kukugxilisa kulokhu kuguquguquka.

I-NoSQL, ngokuphambene negama layo, akusho ukungabikho kwe-SQL, kodwa kunalokho indlela engagcini nje ngokuhlobene. Lezi zingosi zolwazi ziklanyelwe ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha ehlelekile nengahlelekile. Ngokuvamile zivumelana nezimo, zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokukalwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nesizindalwazi esivamile sobudlelwano.

Kulokhu kuqeqeshwa, uzokwethulwa emhlabeni we-NoSQL, ngokugxila ezixazululweni ezimbili ezidumile: i-MongoDB ne-ElasticSearch. Nakuba i-MongoDB iwuhlelo lwedatha egxile kumadokhumenti, i-ElasticSearch igxile ekusesheni nasekuhlaziyeni idatha.

Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuqeqeshwa kusekwazini kwakho ukukulungiselela ikusasa. Ngokukhula okunamandla kwedatha, ukuqonda kanye nokuba yinkosi kwe-NoSQL sekuphenduke ikhono elibalulekile lanoma yimuphi uchwepheshe wedatha.

I-MongoDB: I-Document-Oriented Database Revolution

I-MongoDB ingenye yolwazi oludumile lwe-NoSQL, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Inikeza ukuguquguquka okungakaze kubonwe ekugcinweni kwedatha nokubuyiswa. Ngokungafani nesizindalwazi esihlobene esisebenzisa amathebula, i-MongoDB igxile kumadokhumenti. “Idokhumenti” ngayinye iyiyunithi yokugcina ezimele enedatha yayo, futhi la madokhumenti agcinwa “kumaqoqo”. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ukulinganisa okumangalisayo nokuvumelana nezimo.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-MongoDB yikhono layo lokusingatha imiqulu emikhulu yedatha engahlelekile. Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, idatha ivela emithonjeni eyahlukene futhi ayihlali ihlanzekile futhi ihlelekile. I-MongoDB iphumelela kakhulu ekuphatheni lezi zinhlobo zedatha.

Ukwengeza, i-MongoDB yakhelwe ukukala. Ingafakwa kumaseva amaningi, futhi idatha ingaphindaphindwa futhi ilingane phakathi kwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma enye yeziphakeli ihluleka, ezinye zingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Esinye isici esibalulekile se-MongoDB esihlanganiswe ekuqeqeshweni ukuphepha. Ngezici ezifana nokuqinisekisa, ukulawula ukufinyelela, nokubethela, i-MongoDB iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ivikelwe zonke izinyathelo zendlela.

Ngokuhlola i-MongoDB, asitholi nje ubuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa futhi nefilosofi: ukucabanga kabusha indlela esigcina ngayo, sibuyise futhi sivikele idatha yethu esikhathini samanje.

Izinzuzo Zokwamukela I-NoSQL

Iminyaka yamanje yedijithali imakwa ngokukhula kwedatha okunamandla. Ngokubhekene nalokhu kuqubuka kolwazi, amasistimu endabuko abonisa imikhawulo yawo. Kulapho i-NoSQL, enemininingwane egciniwe efana ne-MongoDB, yenza khona umehluko.

Enye yamandla amakhulu e-NoSQL ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zobudlelwano eziqinile, i-NoSQL ivumela ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nokushintsha kwezidingo zebhizinisi. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile emhlabeni lapho idatha ishintsha njalo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukala okunikezwa yi-NoSQL akufani. Amabhizinisi angaqala amancane futhi akhule ngaphandle kokuthi ahlele kabusha ingqalasizinda yawo yesizindalwazi. Leli khono lokulinganisa nezidingo zebhizinisi libalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okungaguquki, ngisho nalapho kubhekene nokwanda okukhulu kwezimfuno.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zedatha ye-NoSQL nakho kuyinhlanganisela. Ukuthi izizindalwazi ezigxile kumadokhumenti njenge-MongoDB, isizindalwazi senani elingukhiye, noma isizindalwazi esigxile kukholomu, uhlobo ngalunye lunamandla alo, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhethe leyo evumelana kangcono nezidingo zawo.

Ekugcineni, i-NoSQL inikeza ukuhlanganiswa okulula nobuchwepheshe besimanje, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye nefu. Lokhu kusebenzisana phakathi kwe-NoSQL nobuchwepheshe bamanje kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izixazululo eziqinile, ezihlasimulisayo nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi, ukwamukela i-NoSQL kusho ukwamukela ikusasa lezingosi zolwazi, ikusasa lapho ukuguquguquka, ukunwebeka nokusebenza kusenhliziyweni yazo zonke izinqumo.